Wind speed up to 65m/s (145mph). Calypso Ultrasonic Anemometers bring state of the art systems and top notch ultrasonic wind measurement technology to the sailor - high accuracy - no moving parts - easy to install - 100% maintenance free - Bluetooth version compatible with iOS and … Now it starts getting interesting. And I’m full of ideas on how this project can be improved. The microcontroller is not yet programmed so you will need a suitable programmer. Thank you I’m quite familiar with your website, at the time I read through it and got some good ideas from your site. I’ve found (and fixed) a number of bugs while testing. Now it’s time to build this thing and see if it works as planned. And the reported conversion time doesn’t include the sampling time yet. However, there is rather poor choice of meteo stations that are both cheap, well supported and available. Something seems to be systematically wrong with the first of the 128 measurements but I haven’t had time to look into this. The code for the Ultrasonic Anemometer as well as the Arduino are available for download. Setting the second stage’s gain sufficiently high we hopefully get the 3 volts peak-to-peak amplitude we are aiming for. I previsously connected the wind meter to an Arduino with a LCD display to test the I2C functionality as well as to read the wind speed and direction without having to connect the anemometer to a PC. Just plug it in, open a text file, change what you need, save the file and you’re done. Each station consists of a local wireless sensor network with at least one node each at 10m measuring wind and insolation, 2m measuring air T and RH, ground level measuring rain, soil temp and moisture, and a sink node measuring atmospheric pressure connected to a gateway with some sort of Internet access. See the overview page for the respective links. But at a setting of 64, some clipping starts to occur as shown below. I’ve written a bit of code on top of the Harmony library to provide the main application with a simple to use interface. Posts Part 1: Apart from the micro choice (using a Teensy 3.6 in my case, so it’s a Freescale 32 bit micro), the design is very close to yours. In the mean time I managed to do some rudimentary testing and now feel confident to take orders. This makes it more easy to manage crosstalk . What kind of Ultrasonic Transducer are you using? Leave a Reply Cancel reply. Pljusak.com is a free crowd-sourcing web page meteorology enthusiasts can share their data. Thanks for sharing all the details about your ultrasonic anemometer. In Eagle, File -> Export -> BOM gets you the bill of materials. Yes, summer has been slow. One is dynamically adjusting the frequency. So the gain is still not high enough, but I also get a dc offset. Last time I showed you the nice new hardware of the new standalone ultrasonic anemometer. At least that’s what I thought. If you’ve alredy followed this project for a while you are probably familiar with the kind of screenshot above. And we have a second variable-gain stage at our disposal. We sample once a minute and the sampling cycle is about a second for most sensors. Communication over USB to a YAT-terminal under Win 7 works. Estimates of sensible heat flux from observations of temperature flucuations. I want to try and will give You feedback soon, I’m planning to convert from a PIC to an ESP32 (for various reasons, but mainly Wifi/LoRa support) and dual-core capabilities (1 core for measurement, 1 for calculations/communications). I’m chasing your trial and error, and feel many difficulties making Ultrasonic anemometer. It takes around 600 microseconds to complete (see below). Pingback: Arduino Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 13: Arduino library finally ready | soldernerd. I also tried applying 3.3V to that rail directly, and it steadily climbs until the limit is hit as well. – NMEA output (RS422) to send data to the steering system or wirelessly if running on solar energy (it's a PITA to have to disconnect the system when dismating the boat). Someone had reported this to me earlier but I wasn’t able to reproduce the problem until now. So the straight forward solution was to upgrade the microcontroller to an otherwise identical model with more memory. Lukas – can you summarize the limitations of the current kits in stock? If anyone has experience with this kind of software development – Let me know, any help is highly appreciated. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: Email (required) (Address never made public) Name (required) Website. Hi, But there are a lot of similar amplitudes and so any noise would make the result unreliable. This should be more than sufficient any reasonable ambient temperature.. Lukas. However, the PIC18 series is very similar and most code can easily be re-used when upgrading from a PIC16 to PIC18. By driving the transducers with the original singal on one leg and the inverted signal on the other leg doubles the signal amplitude from 5V to plus/minus 5V. The overview looks just like before. First lower R7 to maximum gain. The signal amplitude us barely noticable at first. I replaced the culprit and resolved the problem. USB boot loaders come in various flavours. The 12 lowest and 12 highest results are ignored and only the 8 results in the middle are summed up. Multicomp MCUSD18A40S09RS-30C (Farnell 2362680), 18mm, waterproof, with attached wires. It is Arduino-based but there is still a PIC MCU on board? The pinout has also slightly changed. The anemometer could then push data to an external device whenever a new measurement becomes available. Thanks! All the information I have is on this blog and all the code and files are on github.com/soldernerd Regulator stays cool. The working principle of the sonic anemometer is to use the ultrasonic time difference method to measure the wind speed. I never had any issues with it at room temperature but decided to be cautious and upgrade to a LD1117 regulator in a much larger SOT223 package. This version is called Anemometer_03.scad and the PDF that was used for the actual laser cutting is Anemometer_03.pdf. Lukas. Multicomp MCUSD14A40S09RS-30C (Farnell 2362678), 14mm, waterproof, with attached wires. I’ve used this service before to locations like Brazil or India and never had problems. It took me quite a while to just more or less figure out what the project was doing. I still hated the whole framework but I thought that I now understand it well enough to change the code to suit my taste. Multicomp MCUSD16A40S12R0 (Farnell 2362677),  16mm, not waterproof, no wires attached. But there’s a challenge: there are hundreds of zero crossings for each burst of pulses sent. It’s also possible to send data to the anemometer. Even with the lowered transducer distance and increased gain the signal amplitude after the first stage is less than impressive. Now all the connectors along the edges of the board are standard 100-mil headers. The much lower signal level from those kind of transducers makes it  necessary to reduce the distance between the transducers in order to still receive a reasonable signal amplitude. I mentioned last time that I was running out of code space, i.e. In cup anemometer … Why do you change values of the PWM and why 25200 and 2000?? How much power consumption would be ok for your application? Those would be much more weatherproof. The coupling capacitor isn’t enough to filter out the DC component. an annoying DC offset of 2.46 V ( mean of the amplified signal) . Concerning the resolution: Native resolution is 1/48MHz = 21 nano seconds. Output Compare module 2 (OC2) handles the PWM pulses. I didn’t think of interfacing to a 5V device when I designed the board and pulled the I2C signals to the anemometer’s 3.3V supply. Is there anything important that I forgot to mention? I will test that with my signal generator ( can go up to 30 Vp-p). But you can’t expect to have an USB connection. All we need is a pair of pull-up resistors pulling the SDA and SCL lines up to 5 volts. The internal ADC in the Arduino can be used to read the anemometer output although a separate module like the ADS1115 would make a more accurate job of the conversion. It’s many hundred megabytes to download and takes up almost two gigabytes of disk space. Hookup Guide for Davis Anemometer to Arduino Project Sections. The wind speed circuit is a switch that is activated once revolution of the wind cups. cheers I’ve also played around with some software ideas that I believe to have potential. Previous Post Arduino Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 7: Basic software Next Post Arduino Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 9: A new hardware. The jitter is always a integer number of 25 ms ( a wavelength) so it is possible to detect and substract it. I’m a sailor and a software engineer with little knowledge in electronic. That gives us an extra factor of 2.82. I tried to make that last year, but I didn’t complete it yet. Anemometer Arduino Shield PDFs and Eagle files Rev2 as a .zip: Eagle files and PDFs for the driver circuit of my new attempt: OpenSCAD CAD model as well as PDFs and Adobe Illustrator files for the lasercut mechanical design: Analog signal processing. The kernel consists of k=17 data points with a peak in the middle. About the RPi 3: For the actual measurements I need a bit more control over the hardware than a fully featured OS is going to allow me. The resolution of each zero-crossing is equal to 1 / 48MHz or about 20.83 nanoseconds. That’s it for today. 7 - Shelter Assembly. You mentioned you might consider a kit, yes please, please count us in. As I mentioned last time I worried most about getting the USB working properly. The problem is that the Harmony library does not support that out of the box. Even been really interested in by one of your boards to test it, my problem is to be in Brazil, so the 99 dollar board became almost 300 dollars when all the customs are clear, so I’m thinking on build a prototype on my own. Congratulation for your activity ! ... AnemometerArduino. But I’ll share some information on that in a regular post. I don’t have the code in front of me but by setting these values you decide when the next timer interrupt will occur. Hi AparnaJ Ultrasonic anemometer is little bit difficult to build by our own and the easiest method is 3-cup anemometer. I use the OpenSCAD version downloadable from http://www.openscad.org. 4 - Hookup Hydreon Rain Sensor. There is tremendous amount of jitter when measuring the phase of the packet. In order to do that an interrupt is generated at every zero-crossing capture. This temperature is then used to correct for the influence on speed of sound. Any values on them? But I dont really understand the design. It’s difficult to commit to a timeline with projects like these but I’ve started working on the revised board that I will get etched. My main priority at the moment is to complete the revised version of the board and to order a small series of boards. But better late then never. While mainly aimed at devices such as mice and keyboards, this USB device sees a lot of use in applications that have nothing to do with human interaction. That’s easily compensated with a bit of help from our digipot. With a 5 V square wave input in the transceiver and a 20 cm distance between the cells, I get 150 mVp-p of noise and 600 mVp-p of Signal ( so 6 dB). That leaves us with another factor 7 to be compensated elsewhere. If it is yes, what is the range of the wind speed? Compiling design (CSG Tree generation)… The PIC has a total of two I2C interfaces and I’ve made both of them accessible via the 100mil headers along the edges of the board. See here for details: https://soldernerd.com/2016/12/24/ultrasonic-anemometer-part-29-transducer-comparison/ There are different types of anemometer design like cup anemometer, ultrasonic anemometer, etc. 2016 Mei 11 - The first stage of this project was to create the basic Arduino wind speed monitor to check that the parts functioned as required and write the code. cheers Now it is VERY sensitive Maybe even too much but now I can make the analog part work. Bjorn, Hi Bjorn Why do we need this signal? That free version only performs limited amounts of optimization and therefore produces rather large and slow code compared to the standard and professional version. http://www.technik.dhbw-ravensburg.de/~lau/ultrasonic-anemometer.html. The main design difference is the multiplexer part where I use 3 4052 instead of just one. Apart from that I like its small 14mm form factor allowing for slim designs posing less resistance to the airflow. Let’s look at the first waterproof model. Based on your feedback I, and may be others, may be interest in purchasing your existing kits. I will need to figure out a way to test the device for higher speeds. The pulse-sending sequence can also get upset. The kit contains the board and all the necessary components. the arduino does it all…. You probably don’t want to push the op amp right to its limit so something like 31 (changing the 10k resistor to 30k)  is probably about the best we can do here. The prices above include worldwide shipping. Ok I tried replacing the capacitors C5 and C10 like you suggested ( to 1 µF). So unless he reverted back to open-type sensors like the ones you use lfaessler, I don’t understand why his device works. Joel Perez says: 2016-01-07 at 23:00. But let’s look at the setup in some more detail. I’m building a ultrasonic anemometer (wind meter) based on an arduino uno. Currently it does three things: It takes care of the AXIS and DIRECTION signals which are set just shortly before the timer overflows. The timer overflows precisely 512 times per second so each measurement takes a little less than 2 milliseconds. Most components come in relatively large SOIC packages but there are a few smaller MSOP and SOT-23 packages as well. We can get more gain of the first (fixed gain) stage by just changing a resistor. 1 axis (tunnel or sport mode) Thanks for helping. The Arduino acts as a master and asks the slave for its latest measurement every 250ms. They can all be soldered with a conventional soldering iron and strain solder just like I’ve done today. It would not be difficult to implement master mode as well but so far I haven’t done it yet. I knew that but was still surprised to find how much smaller that singal is. Each direction gets its own setting to compensate for different transducer sensitivities. So the gain calculations, too, work on a transducer pair basis. Thank you, I also found 2 “TBD” capasitators (To-Be-Determined” (C8,C13). You need to know how long to wait for the sensor signal to stabilize, how long time it takes to get a sample and to have some sort of synchronization procedure in the sensor network so that the sending node and the sink node are awake at the same time, unless you have an always awake sink node. lukas. I’m trying to use ATMEL SAML21 series. Inside that interrupt service routine time of the zero-crossing is saved (as previously) and the ADC is started. That ready to take pre-orders post wasn’t the last one in that series but almost. It’s difficult to comment on code one wrote 2 years ago…. And in a not very structured way. Thanks for pointing this out to me. Hi Martin. We do have Pis right at those mechanical weather stations right now, so any interface would be ok. Currently each burst consists of 12 pulses. All the footprints are correct and it was a pleasure to solder. My main project at the moment. All Eagle files for download as a .zip file: Anemometer Arduino Shield PDFs and Eagle files as a .zip: AnemometerShield_REV1. With the PIC controlling the AXIS, DIRECTION and SIGNAL pins, the transducers receive the 12V signal from the mosfet drivers. I was hoping to capture very light breezes accurately as well as wind speeds of 5 MPH or more. Why 11? app_i2c_internal_write(uint8_t address, uint8_t *data, uint8_t length); app_i2c_internal_writeDigipot(uint8_t value); Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 30: Downsized Hardware, Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 29: Transducer Comparison, Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 28: New hardware tested, Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 27: Ready to take pre-orders, Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 26: Rev B Board ordered, Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 25: I2C Interfacing and more, Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 24: New Microcontroller and Software Controlled Gain, Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 23: First successful measurements, Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 22: USB up and running, Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 21: Standalone Anemometer Hardware, Arduino Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 4: Testing the analog board, Ultrasonic Anemometer Part 16: Testing the new driver circuit. I’m willing to get the software working either by myself or by a third-party. Anyway, be aware that while the hardware works fine from what I’ve seen so far there is a lot of work still to be done in software. FIFO – First In First Out. – Where exactly have you placed the multiplexer and the decoder is not clear from your writings. Making the physical design smaller and therefore reducing the distance between the transducers is another thing we can do. Details can be found in the BOM linked on the overview page. I have a question for the anemometer. If you’re interested in this lasercut design you can find iton github.com or more precisely on https://github.com/soldernerd/AnemometerLasercut. It enumerated just fine but I couldn’t send any data from or to it. This means a lot more flexibility in my layout that I first have to get used to. Thanks for your interest in a kit. The first task for doing so is sending some pulses. Compare Anemometer Ranges; Wind speed and direction. from the anemometer, even while sleeping, so we transmit the number of pulses that have arrived during the last minute. I wonder if you’ve given any consideration to the fact that this method of determining wind speed is subject to barometric pressure and temperature changes? solving the problem. Can you think of any similar possibility to average wind direction/speed during sleep periods using your sensor? All you need is an Arduino, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor, a piece of 3/4″ PVC conduit, and a 3D printer. Not much had changed since the last revision but I don’t like taking chances on things like this. I’ve just shipped two kits to Argentina where a reader of this blog has access to a proper wind tunel at his university. I did a bit of reading on digital signal processing (DSP) and realized that this is a classic DSP problem. More on that in a future post. Hi Lukas, I’m also thinking about measuring at two slightly different frequencies (say, 39.5kHz and 40.5kHz) and using the two phase shifts to figure out the absolute time-of-flight. Now what I want to do is to run some tests with it just to make sure it works as intended. I guess it’ll take another 2 months or so until I have the bords back from the board house and can start shipping them. The pin order on the I2C and SPI headers on the bottom side of the board has changed, mainly to accomodate an exteral I2C reference voltage. On the schematics for the arduino shield you have three restistors marked OPT (R15, R21 and R34). So take with a grain of salt some of the test results reported earlier. When drawing the schematic I thought I might want to put a resistor there (e.g. I am working with some African Universities in a NORAD-funded research project called WIMEA-ICT designing affordable and robust weather stations to be deployed in Eastern Africa to capture data for the academic communities. So I spent another few nights trying to do that until it dawned on me that this is leading nowhere. Unfortunately, I made a mistake in the schematic when I referenced the feedback loop of the second op amp stage to ground instead of the mentioned 1.65 volts. If you’ve been following this project for a long time already you might remember my simplistic wind tunnel made of a 120mm brushless fan and a cardboard tube. Continue here to the next post of this series. In order to find the wind speed and direction we need to somehow identify the peak in the received signal which is where the ADC comes in. Thank you so much for sharing your efforts with such depth. I read through your posts and I think that we can lend a hand. We obviously need to make some hardware changes to deal with the low signal amplitude. I don’t have access to a wind tunnel but a simple house fan and a 15 euros Uni-t anemometer confirmed the measurements to be at least realistic around 10-20 km/h. So for the time being this kit is intended for people who want to join the development and testing. Your email address will not be published. Instead of attention grabbing mechanical units, we were considering ultrasonics, but they are waaay too expensive. It’s been way too long since the last post in my Ultrasonic Anemometer series. So that’s it for now. With a setting of 170 we get a nice, clean 3 volt output signal. I tried about years ago to build sonic anemo (based od Raspberry and 2x ultrasonic range meters (very cheap parts)…) . The gain is set to one and all is well. Above is the signal without this automatic gain setting in place (gain=1). But testing it would require some software first. You need the negative supply if you want to pass negative voltages through the multiplexer. Thanks again for trying this design and let me know how it goes. i was wondeing if you have a list of the components you used for the proyect Now I have used my I2C user interface for that purpose. haiii, a great project that helping me. Definitely something I’d like to implement at some point but no priority right now. I was on holiday, hence the late reply. A couple of 10th of a volt are fine without (up to a diode drop) but the gate voltage I pass through one of the multiplexers is plus/minus 3.3 volts so I absolutely need the negative supply at least on that mux. I’ll quote all prices in USD, EUR and CHF. Yes, the influence of temperature on the speed of sound is taken care of. The Arduino’s Atmega328 already has built-in (weak) pull-up resistors so that’s not a problem. I used to sell kits but I no longer do, I stopped around 2 years ago, sorry Since the new transducers are only 14mm in diameter but those plastic pipes are only available in 16mm I had to pad the transducers with short sections of aluminium tube with an outer and inner diameter of 16 and 14mm, respectively. Thanks for a quick and very positive answer! Anemometer arduino arduino uno DIY electronics hobbyist LCD microchip PIC PIC32MX250 soldernerd ultrasonic anemometer wind direction wind meter wind speed. At 48MHz a full wave equals 1200 clock cycles as opposed to 400 on the Arduino previously used. Find this and other Arduino tutorials on ArduinoGetStarted.com. That’s surprising because it has somewhat better specs compared to the previous model. It’s an inverter so it just generates an out of phase Pwm signal. Just a heads up on what I’ve been doing with this project. Those files referenced dozends more files that came as part of harmony. Wind speed up to 75m/s (168mph). An effort in league with carl47’s project. So I first tried replacing R7 and R12 by potentiometers. We are currently building a 3-component Ultrasonic anemometer. You can read and write the files on it from any computer, irrespective of the operating system and without needing any particular softwar or driver installed. Of course, the measurement is far from complete at this stage but I think this is a nice foundation to build uppon. After I fried a couple of chips on my driver circuit testing board due to a wrong chip in the power supply I was a bit more careful this time and built up the board step by step. Rendering Polygon Mesh using CGAL… Unfortunately they’re sold out. Ultrasonic Output Rate up to 100Hz. The OPT stands for optional. Best wishes A bit little but sufficient. The next post on this project is here: Part 24. Well, it works kind of but I was never happy enough with it to really deploy it. 512 times per second. So I decided to see what’s available and do a more systematic comparison. Learn how to use temperature and humidity sensor with Arduino, how to connect DHT11 or DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor to Arduino, how to program Arduino step by step. However, there are no tracking numbers. The goal is to report wind speed and temperature four times per second. Did you measure the power consumption of your design and what do you think about the feasibility of duty cycling? We are very interested in getting away from moving parts to increase robustness and would be extremely happy to evaluate your design in tough environments. Or solder mask. So I’ve added a diode to allow the SDA and SCL lines to be pulled higher than 3.3 volts. It also triggers the measurements of the zero-crossings and cancels them if they don’t complete withing reasonable time. Hi Mondo I use different mosfet drivers and a lm324 to generate 12 V enable signals for those mosfet drivers. Hi Michael I have some kits left for you. I want buy the kit. The next step is to remove offset voltages and scale the readings using the calibration points to give the N and W components of wind speed. Cheers lukas. This gives us the flexibility to calibrate the kernel to each transducer and so get more reliable results for the absolute phase. This is not something I never thought about to be honest…, Hi Guys, I am really inpressed what are You doing, from the miniturization point of View why not to use dsp based transduser driver/sensor solution from TI ~29 $? LCJ CAPTEURS is the leader in creation of compact solid state wind sensor for sailing ship, yachting, fishing, coastguard, buoys, data aquisition....since 12 years and now for land applications. How would you like to Interface to it? Any rough time plan for producing kits? So what I did is I attached all 4 models to the same anemometer so that I can switch back and forth between them. Notice how now all transducer pairs have identical (and somewhat larger) amplitudes. I’ve chosen the sampling period slightly shorter to compensate for the time from when the zero-crossing occured unil the ADC is started. Last time the device was sending pulses and capturing some of the resulting zero-crossings but not much more than that. If you’ve programmed PIC16s before you’ll immediately feel at home with any PIC18. So I might try to adjust the frequency dynamically using some perturbation and observation algorithm. Below is a screenshot of the result. I didn’t change much since the last version but I want to be sure first. I’m involved in air speed and other air data measurements. You should consider selling a kit. Or place vias under an IC. 2 - Hookup DS18B20 Sensor. Is there a way to compensate in the circuitry and program for such variations? The anemometer inplements the USB HID (human interface device) class. It now connects to the 10k resistor at the bottom instead of the ground plane on its right. Now with USB I don’t quite have that level of confidence. Get a handle to then next buffer by calling app_usb_getTransmitBuffer(), write the data to be sent to the buffer and then call app_usb_sendTransmitBuffer(). Those two signals is what we feed into the PIC to be measured. Knowing the amplitude and digipot setting of the last measurement I calculate the optimal gain and digipot setting for the next measurement. But I’ve figured that it’s likely easier to do this as a new project and then add the previously implemented functionality step-by-step. That’s also for one or more future posts. I’ve parameterized the software to capture 34 zero crossings as well as the n=33 amplitudes in between them. Hi Lukas, Soldering of the two boards I got is well underway and I am trying to print your OpenSCAD design.
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