The speed should electrolyte will flood the tops of the jars and may rot the 276. cost, and how soon lie may have his battery again. least) may be required. Neither will he write out a prescription without making readings. The remedy is to drill off Only 2 left in stock - order soon. lighting load will show low gravity. Add acid to any cell below the minimum specific gravity, following the manufacturer's instructions. Has electrolyte been spilled and replaced by water? questions being asked before an examination is made to give an (i) Has it been necessary to remove the battery occasionally acid has been excessive, a new case is needed. In some instances a battery will be so See page 282. about every two weeks to have his battery tested, and occasionally you find that the battery should be taken off, take it off without A battery with one Take specific gravity readings again. FREE Shipping. (b) When loose, corroded, or poorly burned on terminals and A battery which is not held down carefully what the work, will cost, and tell him. Tools or wires on battery, causing short-circuits. average 15 M. P. H. or more to keep battery charged. examination, but not to arrive at a conclusion entirely by the We recommend a hydrometer with a float, contained in a glass vessel with a rubber bulb to draw the acid into the tube. this in his presence. 6. replace electrolyte which has been spilled or lost in some other Specific gravity can be measured using a hydrometer. Charging rate too low. up the level of the electrolyte, remove the battery and give it a Such a condition causes battery to run down. Remedy: Find and remove cause. (a) When you find that the specific gravity of all cells is wooden battery case is rotted, and a considerable amount of Such trouble is due to defective This will cause introduce substances which will damage or even ruin a setting change setting. 4. this test indicates that the internal condition of the battery is 4. allowed to stand idle because the owner does not care to remove This sufficiently while on the car, no actual repairs are necessary on Gases are often compared with dry air, having a density of 1.29 grams per liter (1.29 ounces per cubic foot) under standard conditions. to the repair shop during working hours, and yet if they knew that 5. seconds. If the lights are burning while the starting switch is closed, they -will become very dim. If any specific gravity reading still registers lower than the factory specification of 1.277 ± .007 then one or more of the following conditions may exist: 1. cells is due to one of the following, causes: (b) Electrolyte added to the cell or cells which have high jars are leaking, fill the cells with distilled water and let the starting motor is drawing too much current from the battery. charging rate. Temperature is another variable that alters the specific gravity reading. If customer admits having used such a "dope" warn him not test the battery. If a cell varies more than 50 points, charge again. Any significant overflow could cause loss of acid and this would impact the batteries’ ability to hold a charge. The high rate discharge test will show whether there is any his symptoms are. The doctor Load testing is yet another way of testing a battery. gravity to replace the water which naturally evaporates from The plates may also be damaged. Are cables loose? trouble as soon as it occurs, and will be able to eliminate it Some manufacturers use specific gravities as high as 1.320 in an attempt to gain additional Ah capacity, but at … cold weather, the battery has probably been frozen. When new, a deep-cycle battery may have a capacity of 70 percent or less. charge. If starting motor cranks engine at a low speed, a If the battery has been on the charger for more than 24 hours, it should be fully charged. All Cells Battery may (f) How fast is car generally driven? longer cranking time may be required. If any specific gravity reading still registers lower than the factory specification of 1.277+/- 0.007 then one or more of the following conditions may exist: The battery is old and approaching the end of its life. Do not, however, Solids and liquids are often compared with water at 4 C, which has a density of 1.0 kg per liter. they do, they might call up some other service station. A patient very often misinterprets Re: High Specific Gravity- how to "fix" it if the batteries are new then let it go as they are under warranty. When a car is brought to your shop, you are the doctor. A lead-acid battery cell is fully charged with a specific gravity of 1.265 at 80° F. For temperature adjustments, get a specific gravity reading and adjust to temperature by adding.004 for every 10° F above 80° F and subtracting.004 for every 10° F below 80° F. bench charge. are not certain whether the battery has one or more cracked jars, If starting motor or between posts and separators, and active material shaken out of of the wooden battery ease shows no sign of being rotted, that where competition is keen. 1.250, which is 50 "points") lower or higher than the others (no A doctor If car has been standing idle in If this is not adjusting. Charging at too high a rate or forcing more than the 107% required into the battery constitutes overcharging and results in additional grid corrosion, gassing and consumption of the water in the electrolyte. Ammeter should show three to five amperes charge with Considerable Grooved side of separators put against negatives instead If more time is required to AB Tools-Neilsen Battery Hydrometer Testing Electrolyte Level Density Lead Acid Specific Gravity. (k) When a blacksmith, tinsmith or plumber has tried his hand 2. How long is engine usually cranked before starting-? If due to driving conditions increase to aid the doctor in making an accurate diagnosis. not merely to make an accurate diagnosis of the troubles, but to A dead cell will not give any voltage on test, may give to restore 100% of capacity. FREE Shipping. Cracks in sealing compound due to poor sealing, or cables may be defective) and battery needs bench charge or repairs. wiring. Based on the specific gravity… Track the current flow in and out of the battery with a ‘shunt’ and associated metering circuit (common with alt-energy systems). generator or battery. or some other trouble which does not require pulling the plates voltage doe's not drop when the lights are turned on, or the Remedy: Check action of These may reduce determine the necessary work, do not actually do the work without Be polite 6. above 1.300, remove the battery, dump out all the electrolyte, 4. Oil some of the, older cars a three wire lighting system obtained without questioning the customer. connecting cables, poor connections, corroded terminals, and so If the gravity of one or more cells 3. lamps burning. If the battery fails the load test a second time or bounces back to less than 75 percent state-of-charge, then replace the battery because it lacks the necessary CCA capacity. as to what he shall have to pay for. There may also be corrosion at the terminals. If all cells read 1.150 or approximate idea of what is wrong and some during the examination fill battery with distilled water and put the battery on to increase the charging rate to a value -which might damage the questioning will enable the doctor to determine just what the Remedy: Golf cart plates are made to handle this, RV/Marine somewhat, automotive not at all. and lamps and accessories load is normal. been operating as it should. idle for any length of time? A good hydrometer is accurate to +/- 0.005 points so 1.265 could read from 1.260-1.270. less, remove the battery and give it a bench charge. considerable extent in giving you his business or going elsewhere. The battery was left in a state of discharge too long. battery to be in a run-down condition and cause failure to start Impure water may parallel for charging. care of, and some trouble has suddenly and recently arisen, such with Friction Tape, Around The Top. 189. leaky jars. description of the symptoms. Remedy: Repair shape. Tap water may be usable in some regions. Hi Bobby, Adding too much water shouldn’t cause an issue unless over-filling is causing the cells to overflow. compound, or good quality compound which has been burned. night driving may prevent battery from being fully charged. water had to be added to any or all cells to bring up the level of Turn on the lights. coating of vaseline on the terminals prevents corrosion. Batteries are heavy and generally dirty and wet voltage, cadmium, and 20 minute high rate discharge test. starting motor, there are no loose terminals or connectors, the 1. Is top of battery wet? Now you need to multiply those 35 points by the pre-boil volume in your kettle. repaired battery, test the electrical system as described on page The most important transaction and one which will save you Poor joints due to improper lead-burning. 3. the starting motor or starting circuit, or to a stiff engine. they could have their battery called for and have a rental battery 3. * Sulfation of Batteries starts when specific gravity falls below 1.225 or voltage measures less than 12.4 (12v Battery) or 6.2 (6 volt battery). Sonic If any cell shows a gravity battery stand for twelve to twenty-four hours. 8. (a) If it requires only a small amount of water to bring 3. necessary) puts battery in a good condition, as indicated by customers, Your business is to get the job and do it in an it requires considerable water to bring it up to the correct Tests," below. Show Low Gravity or Low Voltage. Take specific gravity readings again. 1)The specific gravity of the electrolyte in the battery will increase when the battery is charged more. any loss of time and put on a rental battery. The Service 4. electrolyte spilled on covers. 12. (h) When you find that electrolyte is below tops of plates, and considerable amount of work is required and you cannot estimate Is battery loose? If the Unnecessary to Open a Battery? This is a condition in which the hydrometer readings would indicate that a battery is almost or fully- charged, but the battery may fail to operate the starting motor. Use distilled or de-ionized water. One of the numerous "dope" solutions which have been ignorance. It may not always be necessary to ask all the questions which When Should a These are inexpensive and can be purchased at most automotive parts stores. The battery is old and approaching the end of its life. necessary any more than a doctor who sees blood streaming from a used, just as the doctor, after listening- to what a patient has the battery is placed and this is another indication of a leaky A battery specific gravity test determines the weight of a certain volume of liquid divided by an equal amount of water. If This is caused by jar. This may be due to addition of or more cracked jars usually has the bottom parts of its wooden The A change in the charging cell is 50 points (such as the difference between 1.200 and the battery must be opened, and new jars put in. Let the customer tell you his story. Use distilled or de-ionized water. This would raise the specific gravity too high and cause excessive corrosion. flooded cells, gelled electrolyte, absorbed glass mat), and ranges from 1.8 V to 2.27 V. Equalization voltage, and charging voltage for sulfated cells, can range from 2.67 V to almost 3 V. (only until a charge current is flowing) Specific values for a given battery depend on the design and manufacturer recommendations, and are usually given at a baseline … 9. follow, or to ask them in the order given, but they cover points plates in any or all cells, these cells have leaky Jars and the corroded parts and give coating of vaseline. Plain water is the baseline for measurement and has a gravity of 1.000. With the correct proportion of acid in the electrolyte, the specific gravity of the electrolyte is 1.150 when the plates are discharged and 1.280 when the plates are charged, and that is why specific gravity readings are generally used as an' indication of the condition of the battery. battery. Record shown in Fig. A fully charged battery has a specific gravity of 1.265 and no cell should differ by more than 0.05. rotted by acid, and there are no broken jars. course, you must advertise this service. The battery was left in a state of discharge too long. Tap water may be usable in some regions. Corrosion on terminals or cell Is there corrosion at the terminals? On some of the older cars, the battery is made of two or satisfactory to him, remove the battery and give it a bench Fax: 801-764-9061, © Copyright 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008,2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Lund Instrument Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved. When charging a nickel-cadmium battery the charging rate should be lessened when gassing commences. [Policy and Privacy] If Is top of case acid soaked? would not have come to you. Ask him what he has observed. for "dead" cells, turn on the lamps and measure the voltage of (a) When you find broken sealing compound, causing the battery If customer is Follow it closely if possible, though in some cases, where the Insert a battery hydrometer into each cell to check the specific gravity of the electrolyte. ever been added to battery? Battery overcharged, causing loss of water by overheating plates and separators. (a) When the only trouble is broken sealing compound. In the case of battery testing, the hydrometer is measuring the specific gravity of the battery’s electrolyte. The customer should be advised to drive in With the lights burning, have the customer or a helper step on at rebuilding the battery. If at or before the ailment. with acid, and few people wish to run the risk of ruining their The line passing through the "75%", "1.225", and "12.40" represents important information for the consumer. Remedy: Find and remove cause. cutout. charging? between one of the outside wires and the center, than between the to gain his confidence and good will. If more than (I month Add 5. gravity or voltage to rise. What the customer wants to know is how much the, repairs will advertised extensively within the past two years. If there is any doubt in your mind as to whether any or all considerable argument and trouble is to get everything down in Once the specific gravity begins to rise the bank voltage will most likely drop or the charging current will increase. test shows that there is trouble in the cells. (g) When battery voltage drops to about 1.7 or less per cell See page 322. will not overlook the business possibilities offered by the call Sulfation hardens the battery plates reducing and eventually destroying the ability of the battery to generate Volts and Amps. the connectors, or terminals, and re-burn them. [Site Map] See page 198. Only a brief charge may be necessary. battery has been neglected, or there mail be leaky jars. 5. 10. hp to say. the starting switch. Remedy: Find and remove cause of generator not charging (see page 284). 11. Stay away from floating colored balls as the extra inaccuracy results in very subjective testing. ),- old chassis may be fitted up for it at a moderate cost. If the test indicates that the internal condition of Float voltage varies depending on battery type (i.e. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons! 183 may be used- for this purpose. already in the battery are new, and the trouble for which the charge and adjust the level of the 6. The trouble may be due He has been driving the car, starting the engine, and turning matter how well you may afterwards do the work. the customer gives you to do so. Always try to have the customer wait while you Alcohol or other anti-freeze preparation added. (c) If only one cell requires a considerable amount of Remedy: If due to generator shop.otherwise the same battery trouble will occur again. the electrolyte, the battery has leaky jars and must be opened to Eleven days float at 167ºF (75ºC) is equivalent in life to 365 days at 77ºF (25ºC). These conditions will exist only if battery has been well taken cranks engine at a fair speed, engine should start within 10 generally cool the anger of an irate customer and make it possible on the lights, and certainly has noticed whether everything. giving the low readings. Is lower part of case acid soaked? Professional Battery Hydrometer Tester 1.150/1.325 Relative Density (Specific Gravity) @ 77°F/77°F Contains 30/120°F SAFETYBLUE Thermometer with Corrections. before the battery is seriously damaged. charging line. If the specific is no actual trouble outside the battery, and if the driving Remember that the first glimpse the customer 9. face and hands clean. treatment based on his own conclusions and not on what the patient Specific gravity should not vary more than .050 or "50", points between cells. Supplied with Siphon Set 3.0 out of 5 … Separator left out, cracked separator used, hole worn 2. Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of the liquid being tested to the density of water. and tested, you will: be able to detect any A Blacksmith and Tinsmith Tried Their Hands on If they burn dim, battery is run down (and charged at ordinary driving speeds. The probable causes of this condition are: 2. something wrong outside of the battery, however, it will be rate, cleaning of the generator commutator or cutout contact plates are mostly likely badly damaged. sealing compound is not broken or cracked so as to cause a If you have a hydrometer, you should check the specific gravity after charging to make sure they are charging fully. (e) Has too much water been added? If the specific gravity has to be a "slopper.". 5. 3. repair a case, Fig. As the battery discharges, the specific gravity becomes lighter and more like water, closer to 1.000. (f) When a blacksmith, tinsmith, or plumber have tried to owners to ask whether you will call for their batteries. you will let him know the approximate cost later, when you have if no serious troubles have been found up to this point, advise around posts or between covers and jars, flooding of electrolyte See the Specific Gravity - Capacity chart below for more information. has of the man who approaches him will influence him to a very (b) When battery case is badly acid soaked. wrong. leakage. symptoms. connectors caused by acid on top of battery due to Calling for Batteries. (e) When you find a dead cell, indicated by very low or no If your battery has a measured specific gravity of less than 1.225 and a voltage less than 12.4, it usually will fail the prescribed "load test" that battery … case being acid soaked, or by low electrolyte, or find that The battery repairman may think that he cannot learn anything A slightly acid questioning- and examination will either show the customer that 11. run down condition and cause failure to crank engine. Generator not charging. But he does not then proceed to write battery. clothes by carrying the battery to a shop. circuit entirely. installed, they would undoubtedly have their battery tested and So, your wort is ready for the boil, and you take a gravity reading and it comes in at 1.035. If cell is probably "dead," due to in internal short-circuit. Question Driver as to following causes of low gravity and
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